Artículos de revisión 

Cell-Free Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death: A Meta-analysis

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Editorial: JAMA
Fecha: 01/04/2008
Natanson C, Kern SJ, Lurie P, Banks SM, Wolfe SM
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CONTEXT: Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes (HBBSs) are infusible oxygen-carrying liquids that have long shelf lives, have no need for refrigeration or cross-matching, and are ideal for treating hemorrhagic shock in remote settings. Some trials of HBBSs during the last decade have reported increased risks without clinical benefit. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of HBBSs in surgical, stroke, and trauma patients. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library searches for articles using hemoglobin and blood substitutes from 1980 through March 25, 2008; reviews of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committee meeting materials; and Internet searches for company press releases. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials including patients aged 19 years and older receiving HBBSs therapeutically. The database searches yielded 70 trials of which 13 met these criteria; in addition, data from 2 other trials were reported in 2 press releases, and additional data were included in 1 relevant FDA review. DATA EXTRACTION: Data on death and myocardial infarction (MI) as outcome variables. RESULTS: Sixteen trials involving 5 different products and 3711 patients in varied patient populations were identified. A test for heterogeneity of the results of these trials was not significant for either mortality or MI (for both, I(2) = 0%, P >/= .60), and data were combined using a fixed-effects model. Overall, there was a statistically significant increase in the risk of death (164 deaths in the HBBS-treated groups and 123 deaths in the control groups; relative risk [RR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.61) and risk of MI (59 MIs in the HBBS-treated groups and 16 MIs in the control groups; RR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.67-4.40) with these HBBSs. Subgroup analysis of these trials indicated the increased risk was not restricted to a particular HBBS or clinical indication. CONCLUSION: Based on the available data, use of HBBSs is associated with a significantly increased risk of death and MI.Published online April 28, 2008 (doi:10.1001/jama.299.19.jrv80007).
Artículos de interés 

Complement split products and proinflammatory cytokines in intraoperatively salvaged unwashed blood during hip replacement: comparison between heparin-coated and non-heparin-coated autotransfusion systems

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Editorial: Vox Sang
Fecha: 01/04/2008
Kvarnström A, Schmidt A, Tylman M, Jacobsson M, Bengtsson A.
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Background and Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of shed blood collected in a new intraoperative autotransfusion system (Sangvia(R), AstraTech, Sweden) and to study whether heparin-coated surfaces in the device reduce the production of inflammatory mediators. Material and Methods The study was randomized and prospective. Twelve total hip arthroplasty patients whose blood was collected with a device having a heparin-coated surface and 12 patients whose blood was collected with a device having a non-heparin-coated surface were included. Venous blood was drawn from the patients preoperatively. Intraoperatively 200 ml salvaged blood was collected and samples were also withdrawn; samples were obtained from the blood bag. Results Compared to venous blood, elevated concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, C3a and polymorphonuclear elastase were found in collected blood. No significant differences in inflammatory mediators were found between the heparin-coated and the non-heparin-coated groups. The median haemoglobin concentration in the salvaged blood was 74 g/l in both groups. Plasma haemoglobin and potassium concentrations were also elevated. There were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion The present study indicates that the blood salvaged intraoperatively contains elevated levels of complement split product and proinflammatory cytokines and that heparin-coated surfaces of the salvage device do not significantly influence the formation of inflammatory mediators

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