Transfusion Strategies for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Editorial: n engl j med
Fecha: 01/01/2013
Càndid Villanueva, M.D., Alan Colomo, M.D., Alba Bosch, M.D.,et al.
Background
The hemoglobin threshold for transfusion of red cells in patients with acute gastrointestinal
bleeding is controversial. We compared the efficacy and safety of a restrictive
transfusion strategy with those of a liberal transfusion strategy.
Methods
We enrolled 921 patients with severe acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and randomly
assigned 461 of them to a restrictive strategy (transfusion when the hemoglobin
level fell below 7 g per deciliter) and 460 to a liberal strategy (transfusion
when the hemoglobin fell below 9 g per deciliter). Randomization was stratified
according to the presence or absence of liver cirrhosis.
Results
A total of 225 patients assigned to the restrictive strategy (51%), as compared with
65 assigned to the liberal strategy (15%), did not receive transfusions (P<0.001). The probability of survival at 6 weeks was higher in the restrictive-strategy group than in the liberal-strategy group (95% vs. 91%; hazard ratio for death with restrictive strategy, 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 0.92; P = 0.02). Further bleeding occurred in 10% of the patients in the restrictive-strategy group as compared with 16% of the patients in the liberal-strategy group (P = 0.01), and adverse events occurred in 40% as compared with 48% (P = 0.02). The probability of survival was slightly higher with the restrictive strategy than with the liberal strategy in the subgroup of patients who had bleeding associated with a peptic ulcer (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.25) and was significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with cirrhosis and Child–Pugh class A or B disease (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.85), but not in those with cirrhosis and Child–Pugh class C disease (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.45 to 2.37). Within the first 5 days, the portal-pressure gradient increased significantly in patients assigned to the liberal strategy (P = 0.03) but not in those assigned to the restrictive strategy. Conclusions As compared with a liberal transfusion strategy, a restrictive strategy significantly improved outcomes in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. (Funded by Fundació Investigació Sant Pau; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00414713.)
The hemoglobin threshold for transfusion of red cells in patients with acute gastrointestinal
bleeding is controversial. We compared the efficacy and safety of a restrictive
transfusion strategy with those of a liberal transfusion strategy.
Methods
We enrolled 921 patients with severe acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and randomly
assigned 461 of them to a restrictive strategy (transfusion when the hemoglobin
level fell below 7 g per deciliter) and 460 to a liberal strategy (transfusion
when the hemoglobin fell below 9 g per deciliter). Randomization was stratified
according to the presence or absence of liver cirrhosis.
Results
A total of 225 patients assigned to the restrictive strategy (51%), as compared with
65 assigned to the liberal strategy (15%), did not receive transfusions (P<0.001). The probability of survival at 6 weeks was higher in the restrictive-strategy group than in the liberal-strategy group (95% vs. 91%; hazard ratio for death with restrictive strategy, 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 0.92; P = 0.02). Further bleeding occurred in 10% of the patients in the restrictive-strategy group as compared with 16% of the patients in the liberal-strategy group (P = 0.01), and adverse events occurred in 40% as compared with 48% (P = 0.02). The probability of survival was slightly higher with the restrictive strategy than with the liberal strategy in the subgroup of patients who had bleeding associated with a peptic ulcer (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.25) and was significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with cirrhosis and Child–Pugh class A or B disease (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.85), but not in those with cirrhosis and Child–Pugh class C disease (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.45 to 2.37). Within the first 5 days, the portal-pressure gradient increased significantly in patients assigned to the liberal strategy (P = 0.03) but not in those assigned to the restrictive strategy. Conclusions As compared with a liberal transfusion strategy, a restrictive strategy significantly improved outcomes in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. (Funded by Fundació Investigació Sant Pau; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00414713.)